Vedic Cosmos/Slokas/Cosmos & Creation

Cosmos & Creation

From the Nasadiya Sukta to the Multiverse

The oldest surviving description of creation from nothing — the Nasadiya Sukta — asks questions that modern cosmologists are still unable to fully answer. It describes a state before existence and non-existence, before light and dark, before space and time — a state strikingly parallel to what quantum field theory calls the vacuum.

Rig Veda 10.129 — The Nasadiya Sukta (Hymn of Creation)

“Nāsad āsīn no sad āsīt tadānīṃ, nāsīd rajo no vyomā paro yat | Kim āvarīvaḥ kuha kasya śarmann, ambhaḥ kim āsīd gambhīraṃ gabhīram”

“Then even non-existence was not, nor existence. There was no air, nor sky beyond it. What covered it? Where was it? In whose keeping? Was there then cosmic water, in depths unfathomed?”

— Rig Veda 10.129.1 (Nasadiya Sukta)

The Full Six Verses

10.129.1

Neither existence nor non-existence. No air, no sky. What covered it? In whose keeping?

10.129.2

Death was not, nor immortality. No sign of night, nor day. The ONE breathed breathlessly by itself.

10.129.3

Darkness was hidden by darkness. All was indiscriminate fluid. A creative impulse arose through heat (tapas).

10.129.4

Desire arose in the beginning — the primal seed of mind.

10.129.5

Sages searching with their intellect found the bond between existence and non-existence.

10.129.6

Who really knows? Who will proclaim it? Whence was it produced? Perhaps even He does not know.

Scientific Parallels

Quantum Vacuum

State before existence/non-existence — neither matter nor void, but potential

Quantum vacuum is not empty but filled with virtual particles and zero-point energy

Primordial Heat (Tapas)

10.129.3: Creative impulse through heat

Big Bang: universe began at ~10³² K; plasma of pure energy

Pre-spacetime state

No sky, no air, no above/below

Planck era: spacetime itself did not exist; quantum gravity regime

Epistemic humility

10.129.6: Even the creator may not know

Cosmologists acknowledge that pre-Big Bang causation may be unknowable

Bhagavata Purana — The Multiverse

“Yasyeka-niśvasita-kālam athāvalambya jīvanti loma-vilajā jagad-aṇḍa-nāthāḥ”

“...the innumerable universes [jagad-aṇḍa], each one of which is created by a Brahma living within it, all of these universes emerge from the pores of Maha-Vishnu's body during his exhalation, and they are reabsorbed during his inhalation.”

What the Text Claims

  • Each Jagad-Anda (universe egg) contains its own Brahma, its own stars, planets, and life
  • The universes are innumerable — specifically described as "countless as the atoms"
  • Each universe has its own time scale and life cycle
  • They co-exist simultaneously, not sequentially
  • Maha-Vishnu is the substrate from which all universes emerge — a field underlying multiplicity

Modern Multiverse Theories

Eternal Inflation (Guth, 1980)

Quantum fluctuations in inflaton field spawn infinite bubble universes — each a separate causal reality, like Jagad-Anda in the Puranic sea

String Theory Landscape (Susskind)

10⁵⁰⁰ possible vacuum states each producing a different universe with different physical constants — matching the Puranic "countless universes"

Many-Worlds (Everett, 1957)

Every quantum measurement spawns parallel universes — a mechanical expression of the Puranic multiplication of worlds

Vaisheshika Sutras (Kanada, c. 600 BCE) — Atomic Theory

“Pṛthivyāpo tejo vāyur iti dravyāṇi | Atha paramāṇavaḥ...”

“Earth, water, fire, and air are substances. Now, the atoms [paramāṇu — lit. smallest particles]: they are eternal, indestructible, spherical, imperceptible to the senses, and the ultimate constituents of all matter.”

Kanada's Date

c. 600 BCE

Contemporary with or predating Democritus (c. 460 BCE) — the Greek atomist

Paramāṇu properties

Eternal, spherical, indestructible

Consistent with electron/proton permanence; spherical geometry of electron clouds

Combination rules

Dvyanuka (2-atom), Tryanuka (3-atom)

Anticipates diatomic molecules (H₂, O₂) and triatomic structures (H₂O, CO₂)