Digital Panchang
The world's most precise timekeeping system — 5 astronomical limbs computed from planetary positions, encoding the exact state of Sun, Moon, and stars at every moment.
Five Limbs of Time
Tithi
Shukla Tritiya
Lunar day
Nakshatra
Rohini
Moon's mansion
Yoga
Siddha
Sun+Moon sum
Karana
Bava
Half lunar day
Vara
Mangalavar
Weekday
Masa
Phalguna
Paksha
Shukla (Waxing)
Ritu
Vasanta (Spring)
Ayana
Uttarayana (Sun moving north)
Sunrise
06:27 IST
Rahu Kala
15:00–16:30 IST
Values shown are illustrative. A live calculator requires ephemeris data. See formula section below to compute for any date.
How Each Limb Is Computed
Tithi (Lunar Day)
तिथि
Formula
T = ⌊(θ_Moon − θ_Sun) / 12°⌋ + 1
Variables
θ_Moon = Moon's ecliptic longitude, θ_Sun = Sun's ecliptic longitude
Period: ~23h 37m to 26h 6m (varies due to elliptical orbits)
Example
If Moon is at 150° and Sun at 30°: T = ⌊(150−30)/12⌋ + 1 = ⌊10⌋ + 1 = 11th Tithi (Ekadashi)
Nakshatra (Lunar Mansion)
नक्षत्र
Formula
N = ⌊θ_Moon / (360°/27)⌋ + 1 = ⌊θ_Moon / 13.333°⌋ + 1
Variables
θ_Moon = Moon's sidereal longitude. Each nakshatra spans 13° 20'.
Period: ~1 sidereal day (27.32 days / 27 = ~24.5 hours per nakshatra)
Example
Moon at 46°: N = ⌊46/13.33⌋ + 1 = ⌊3.45⌋ + 1 = 4th Nakshatra = Rohini
Yoga (Sun+Moon Sum)
योग
Formula
Y = ⌊(θ_Moon + θ_Sun) / 13.333°⌋ + 1 (mod 27)
Variables
Sum of both longitudes divided into 27 equal segments of 13°20'.
Period: Averages ~1 day but ranges 21.5h–26h
Example
Moon at 150°, Sun at 30°: Y = ⌊180/13.33⌋ + 1 = 14th Yoga = Vajra
Karana (Half-Tithi)
करण
Formula
K = ⌊(θ_Moon − θ_Sun) / 6°⌋ (mod 60) → map to 11 Karana types
Variables
4 fixed Karanas (Shakuni, Chatushpada, Naga, Kimstughna) + 7 repeating (Bava to Vishti)
Period: ~11h 45m to 13h 3m (half a Tithi)
Example
Each Tithi contains exactly 2 Karanas. Vishti Karana = inauspicious for new work.
Vara (Weekday)
वार
Formula
R = (JD + 1.5) mod 7 (Julian Day Number)
Variables
0=Sunday, 1=Monday, 2=Tuesday, 3=Wednesday, 4=Thursday, 5=Friday, 6=Saturday
Period: Exactly 24 hours (solar day)
Example
JD 2451545.0 (Jan 1.5, 2000) → (2451545 + 1.5) mod 7 = 6 → Saturday ✓
Ayanamsha — Why Vedic and Western Zodiacs Differ
The Ayanamsha is the angular difference between the tropical zodiac (Sun at 0° Aries at spring equinox) and the sidereal zodiac (fixed stars). Due to precession of the equinoxes, this angle increases by ~50.26" per year.
Lahiri Ayanamsha for 2025 = ~24° 7' 36"
A planet at tropical 10° Aries is actually at sidereal 10° − 24°7' = 15°52' Pisces in Vedic astrology. The "wrong" zodiac sign in Western vs. Vedic astrology is entirely explained by the Ayanamsha.
The Surya Siddhanta accounts for precession in its ayanachala (motion of the equinox) formula, giving 54"/year — within 7% of the modern value of 50.26"/year.
Each Month = A Celestial Position
Vedic months are named after the nakshatra where the full moon occurs. Each month defines a solar longitude range, a season, and a set of observances anchored to astronomy.
Chaitra
Mar–Apr · Vasanta (Spring)
Sun: Pisces → Aries
Full moon in: Spica (Chitra)
Ugadi / Gudi Padwa
Ram Navami
Hanuman Jayanti
Vaishakha
Apr–May · Vasanta (Spring)
Sun: Aries → Taurus
Full moon in: Vishakha
Akshaya Tritiya
Buddha Purnima
Vaishakhi
Jyeshtha
May–Jun · Grishma (Summer)
Sun: Taurus → Gemini
Full moon in: Antares (Jyeshtha)
Vat Savitri Vrat
Ganga Dussehra
Ashadha
Jun–Jul · Grishma (Summer)
Sun: Gemini → Cancer
Full moon in: Uttara Ashadha
Guru Purnima
Rath Yatra
Dakshinayana begins
Shravana
Jul–Aug · Varsha (Monsoon)
Sun: Cancer → Leo
Full moon in: Shravana (Altair)
Raksha Bandhan
Nag Panchami
Krishna Janmashtami
Bhadrapada
Aug–Sep · Varsha (Monsoon)
Sun: Leo → Virgo
Full moon in: Uttara Bhadrapada
Ganesh Chaturthi
Onam
Ashwin
Sep–Oct · Sharad (Autumn)
Sun: Virgo → Libra
Full moon in: Ashwini
Sharad Navratri
Dussehra (Vijayadashami)
Pitru Paksha
Kartika
Oct–Nov · Sharad (Autumn)
Sun: Libra → Scorpio
Full moon in: Pleiades (Krittika)
Diwali (Amavasya)
Kartika Purnima
Tulsi Vivah
Margashirsha
Nov–Dec · Hemanta (Pre-winter)
Sun: Scorpio → Sagittarius
Full moon in: Mrigashira (Orion)
Vivah Panchami
Gita Jayanti
Mokshada Ekadashi
Pausha
Dec–Jan · Hemanta (Pre-winter)
Sun: Sagittarius → Capricorn
Full moon in: Pushya (Asellus)
Makar Sankranti
Lohri
Uttarayana transition
Magha
Jan–Feb · Shishira (Winter)
Sun: Capricorn → Aquarius
Full moon in: Regulus (Magha)
Maha Shivratri
Vasant Panchami
Ratha Saptami
Phalguna
Feb–Mar · Shishira (Winter)
Sun: Aquarius → Pisces
Full moon in: Uttara Phalguni
Holi (Purnima)
Holashtak
Amalaki Ekadashi
Upcoming Festival & Celestial Events
Mar 29, 2025
Partial Solar Eclipse
Amavasya, Chaitra
Europe, N. Africa
Apr 13, 2025
Ram Navami
Chaitra Shukla Navami
India (observe)
Apr 30, 2025
Akshaya Tritiya
Vaishakha Shukla Tritiya
India (observe)
May 12, 2025
Total Lunar Eclipse
Vaishakha Purnima (Buddha Purnima)
Asia, Australia, Pacific
May 12, 2025
Buddha Purnima
Vaishakha Purnima
Global (observe)
Jul 10, 2025
Guru Purnima
Ashadha Purnima
India (observe)
Aug 9, 2025
Raksha Bandhan
Shravana Purnima
India (observe)
Aug 16, 2025
Janmashtami
Bhadrapada Krishna Ashtami
India (observe)
Sep 26, 2025
Mahalaya Amavasya (Pitru Paksha ends)
Ashwin Amavasya
India (observe)
Oct 2, 2025
Navratri begins + solar eclipse possible
Ashwin Shukla Pratipada
S. America (eclipse)
Oct 20, 2025
Diwali
Kartika Amavasya — Deepest new moon
India (observe)
Jan 14, 2026
Makar Sankranti
Sun enters Capricorn (sidereal)
India (observe)
Feb 26, 2026
Maha Shivratri
Magha Krishna Chaturdashi
India (observe)
Aug 12, 2026
Total Solar Eclipse
Shravana Amavasya
Spain, Iceland, Russia